India: Most populous country in the world in 2023
In 2023, the Indian population is expected to exceed that of China with1.4 billion inhabitantson a planet of 8 billion, according to the report « World Population Prospects 2022 » United Nations. With its single-child policy introduced in the 1970s, Beijing is expected to see its population decline as soon as next year.
While the population is large in India, it is also very young.47% of Indians under 25. If the youth of a nation is a guarantee of dynamism, it also implies the obligation to train a large number of people, most of whom are strongly discouraged by the health crisis.
On the other hand, some estimates suggest that Indian GDP could surpass that of Japan and Germany by 2027, which could make the country a third-largest global economic power behind the United States and China. Meanwhile, while the country's economic growth is suffering from inflation, the global recession and the tightening of monetary policies, it remains relatively high (its GDP is expected to grow by 7% in fiscal year 2022-2023 compared to 8.7% in the previous year). Good results in part due to its partnership with Russia guaranteeing access to Russian energy.
On the international scene, New Delhi, currently the world's fifth largest economic power, took on thePresident of the G20 since 1 JanuaryandLast December. India is also part of theQuad, an alliance that binds it to the United States, Japan and Australia and aims to counter the Chinese power. The country, which rebounded after the pandemic, sought to benefit from the policy « Zero Covid » who for a long time limited his Chinese opponent, trying toattracting foreign investorsfor the establishment of their plants.
However, while India's economic recovery is very real, it is uneven and benefits particularly the leading sectors (pharmaceutical, computer, etc.), widening the gap between skilled assets and a large part of the population weakened by the pandemic. The most affluent have seen their salary increase by 39% between 2015 and 2021, while that of the smaller classes lost 53% over the same period. The most populous country on the planet should therefore also remain one of the societies « the most unequal in the world », as specified in « Global report on inequality 2022 ».
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